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Waste Management Research
Clean development mechanism: an incentive for waste management projects?

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) was introduced by the Kyoto Protocol to provide a financial incentive to establish project activities in developing countries for reducing greenhouse gas emissions while also fostering sustainable development. This article shows that waste management project activities play an important role in achieving the aims of the CDM. It describes how these activities have to prove additionality, how the emission reductions must be calculated and monitored in order to be eligible and in order to lead to Certified Emission Reductions (CERs). The article further provides an analysis about the various challenges that are involved in applying the CDM scheme to waste management project activities, which require a new specific set of technical skills and regulatory standards.

2/25/2008 12:00:00 AM
Waste Management Research
Environmental assessment of waste incineration in a life-cycle-perspective (EASEWASTE)

A model for life-cycle assessment of waste incinerators is described and applied to a case study for illustrative purposes. As life-cycle thinking becomes more integrated into waste management, quantitative tools for assessing waste management technologies are needed. The presented model is a module in the life-cycle assessment model EASEWASTE. The module accounts for all uses of materials and energy and credits the incinerator for electricity and heat recovered. The energy recovered is defined by the user as a percentage of the energy produced, calculated on the lower heating value of the wet waste incinerated. Emissions are either process-specific (related to the amount of waste incinerated) or input-specific (related to the composition of the waste incinerated), while mass transfer to solid outputs are governed by transfer coefficients specified by the user. The waste input is defined by 48 material fractions and their chemical composition. The model was used to quantify the environmental performance of the incineration plant in Aarhus, Denmark before and after its upgrading in terms of improved flue gas cleaning and energy recovery. It demonstrated its usefulness in identifying the various processes and substances that contributed to environmental loadings as well as to environmental savings. The model was instrumental in demonstrating the importance of the energy recovery system not only for electricity but also heat from the incinerator.

2/25/2008 12:00:00 AM
Waste Management Research
Energy efficiency in waste-to-energy and its relevance with regard to climate control

This article focuses on systematically highlighting the ways to optimize waste-to-energy plants in terms of their energy efficiency as an indicator of the positive effect with regard to climate control. Potentials for increasing energy efficiency are identified and grouped into categories. The measures mentioned are illustrated by real-world examples. As an example, district cooling as a means for increasing energy efficiency in the district heating network of Vienna is described. Furthermore a scenario analysis shows the relevance of energy efficiency in waste management scenarios based on thermal treatment of waste with regard to climate control. The description is based on a model that comprises all relevant processes from the collection and transportation up to the thermal treatment of waste. The model has been applied for household-like commercial waste. The alternatives compared are a combined heat and power incinerator, which is being introduced in many places as an industrial utility boiler or in metropolitan areas where there is a demand for district heating and a classical municipal solid waste incinerator producing solely electrical power. For comparative purposes a direct landfilling scenario has been included in the scenario analysis. It is shown that the energy efficiency of thermal treatment facilities is crucial to the quantity of greenhouse gases emitted.

2/25/2008 12:00:00 AM
Waste Management Research
Obituary
2/25/2008 12:00:00 AM
Waste Management Research
Hazardous waste incineration in context with carbon dioxide

The Kyoto Protocol of 1997 demands an emission reduction of climate-affecting gases in various industrial sectors. In this context CO2 is one of the relevant gases and waste management is one of the relevant sectors. Referring to the situation in Europe, waste incineration is one of the major sources of CO2 in the waste management sector. The Kyoto Protocol, however, only covers CO2-emissions originating from fossil fuels, whereas the incineration of renewable materials, e.g. wood, is considered to be climate-neutral since it does not make any net contribution to the CO2 inventory of the atmosphere. Unlike the situation with municipal waste, there is little if any information on the CO2-emissions caused by the incineration of hazardous waste in specialized plants, and the renewable fraction in these materials. The present paper focuses on this gap of knowledge. Taking the full-scale hazardous waste incineration plant in Biebesheim, Germany, as an example, a carbon balance was set up for the whole plant taking into account all other material flows. Afterwards the determination of the proportion of renewable materials in the hazardous waste incinerated by means of the radiocarbon method (14C) is reported. On the basis of the results, optimization potentials are discussed.

2/25/2008 12:00:00 AM
Waste Management Research
Methods for determining the biomass content of waste

As CO2 emission trading in Europe has been established it is of essential importance to distinguish between biogenic and fossil emissions. Emissions resulting from bio-fuels and biogenous fractions are categorized as climate-neutral. Determination of plants using only fossil or bio-fuels is simple but categorization becomes more difficult for plants using a mix of fossil and biofuel such as solid recovered fuels. In the meantime, different methods for solving this problem have been developed. Using different approaches and technologies, all of these methods have the same goal: determining the biomass content (biogenic fraction), for example, in solid recovered fuels or in the off-gas of a mono- or co-incineration plant in order to calculate the biogenic carbon dioxide emissions. In the following article, the most common methods for determining the biogenic fraction of fuels, namely the Selective Dissolution Method, the Balance Method and the 14C-Method will be explained in detail.

2/25/2008 12:00:00 AM
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....byTotalNews....for PENDPAC

December 27, 2006 TotalNews - Pendpac refuse and collection vehicles reduce workers injuries by 61% in Vancouver, British Columbia. The City of Vancouver and the Vancouver Sun have released statistics to the public in regards to the astounding reduction in worker injuries and sick time off due to Pendpac's automated refuse vehicle aptly named the Alley Gator. "Not only does the Alley Gator greatly reduce job related injuries, the refuse vehicle design also increases collection efficiencies, decreases fuel consumption, and reduces strain on mechanics." stated Steve DeGeorge (President).  Please contact sales@pendpac.com for more information. To read the full article please click here 

September 1, 2006 TotalNews - Pendpac announces the launch of its new customer and partner web portal software. This new content management portal allows customers and partners not only access to information about Pendpac and its products, but allows access to order parts, schedule service, monitor truck build schedules, and communicate better with quality managers. The new content management portal also integrates into Pendpac's production control, inventory, CRM, ERP, and finance platform. "This new system will allow Pendpac complete insight to our organization and help us grow into new product lines while maintaining our commitment to strong customer service and quality control..." stated Steve DeGeorge (President).  Please contact sales@pendpac.com for more information.

August 31, 2006 TotalNews - Pendpac announces the sale of its MABAR Dump Body product line. The MABAR unit was the oldest operating division of Pendpac. It focused on sales, manufacturing, and support for some of the industry' best dump body products. The sale of MABAR to CaseCo, Inc. allows Pendpac to focus on its core refuse product lines and parts sales. Pendpac is expanding its current product lines as well as new refuse vehicles. CaseCo has committed to continuing the excellence and tradition of the MABAR product line and will be expanding its products sets. Please contact sales@pendpac.com for more information.

 August 28, 2006 TotalNews - Pendpac receives expanded customer orders for new "Low Profile" Sprinters. The new Sprinter body allows for the replacement of the "older" style round bodies in the Impac product lines. Several key features to the new design are higher compaction rates, no kick out on the ARM, and quicker curb to curb return cycles while maintaining the height advantages of the round bodies. "The new low profile Sprinter product line is a revolutionary change to a 25 year old product market. Haulers now have the smaller and shorter body styles they have been asking for to better navigate alleys, buildings, and low overhead cables while maintaining maximum packing capabilites." stated Steve DeGeorge (President). Please contact sales@pendpac.com for more information.

May 9, 2007 TotalNews - Pendpac refuse and collection vehicles again plays a part in improving property, environmental, and public safety. Rainbow Disposal of Huntington Beach, Ca. has set up a 2 acre training course for their recently purchased Alley Gator line of waste collection vehicles.  Armando Duarte, the residential supervisor for Rainbow Disposal put it this way, “It’s an educational tool to help with safety and build confidence.” The course is designed not only to familiarize the drivers with the automated arm utilized with the Pendpac Alley Gator units, but; also help them develop speed and precision skills that will reduce injury to the environment and customer property.  Please contact sales@pendpac.com for more information. To read full article click here

 
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